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<title>Louis Archinard</title>
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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Louis Archinard</span></span>
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</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Louis Archinard</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">General Archinard</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1850-02-11</span>)</span>11 February 1850<br><a href="Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a>, <a href="France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">8 May 1932<span style="display:none">(1932-05-08)</span> (aged 82)<br><a href="Villiers-le-Bel" title="Villiers-le-Bel">Villiers-le-Bel</a>, <a href="France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1870–1915<br>1917–1919</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Divisional_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisional General">General de division</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data">32nd Infantry Division</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">
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<ul><li><a href="Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a></li>
<li><a href="World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></li>
<li><a href="Mandingo_Wars" title="Mandingo Wars">Mandingo Wars</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li><a href="L%C3%A9gion_d'honneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Légion d'honneur">Grand Cross of the Légion d'honneur</a></li>
<li><a href="M%C3%A9daille_militaire" title="Médaille militaire">Médaille militaire</a></li>
<li><a href="Croix_de_guerre_1914-1918_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Croix de guerre 1914-1918 (France)">Croix de guerre 1914-1918</a></li></ul>
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<p><b>Louis Archinard</b> (11 February 1850 – 8 May 1932) was a <a href="French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a> general at the time of the <a href="French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a>, who contributed to the colonial conquest of <a href="French_West_Africa" title="French West Africa">French West Africa</a>. He was traditionally presented in <a href="History_of_France" title="History of France">French histories</a> as the conqueror and "<i>Pacifier</i>" of <a href="French_Sudan" title="French Sudan">French Sudan</a> (today <a href="Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>). Archinard's campaigns brought about the end of the <a href="Tukulor_Empire" title="Tukulor Empire">Tukulor Empire</a>. He also spent a large amount of energy fighting <a href="Samory_Toure" class="mw-redirect" title="Samory Toure">Samory Toure</a>.
</p><p>Archinard was succeeded as military commander of the Sudan in 1893 by <a href="Eug%C3%A8ne_Bonnier" title="Eugène Bonnier">Eugène Bonnier</a>, who left from <a href="Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> on 5 August 1893 to take up his new command.
Bonnier had no instructions and decided to follow Archinard's advice, use his own judgement and seize Timbuktu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPorch2005136_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPorch2005136-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
He was killed on 15 December 1893 by a force of Tuaregs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPorch2005140_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPorch2005140-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In 1897 Archinard was reassigned to <a href="French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a>.
In <a href="World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, he commanded in August 1914 the 1er Group of Reserve Divisions, and in 1917-1918 the <a href="Blue_Army_(Poland)" title="Blue Army (Poland)">Polish Legion in France</a>.
</p>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decorations">Decorations</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="L%C3%A9gion_d'honneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Légion d'honneur">Légion d'honneur</a>
<ul><li>Knight (25 August 1881)</li>
<li>Officer (9 July 1889)</li>
<li>Commander (11 July 1903)</li>
<li>Grand Officer (30 December 1908)</li>
<li>Grand Cross (11 July 1914)</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="M%C3%A9daille_militaire" title="Médaille militaire">Médaille militaire</a> (6 July 1919)</li>
<li><a href="Croix_de_guerre_1914-1918_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Croix de guerre 1914-1918 (France)">Croix de guerre 1914-1918</a></li>
<li><a href="M%C3%A9daille_Interalli%C3%A9e_1914%E2%80%931918" class="mw-redirect" title="Médaille Interalliée 1914–1918">Médaille Interalliée 1914–1918</a></li>
<li><a href="Commemorative_medal_of_the_1870%E2%80%931871_War" title="Commemorative medal of the 1870–1871 War">Commemorative medal of the 1870–1871 War</a>.</li>
<li><a href="M%C3%A9daille_comm%C3%A9morative_de_la_guerre_1914%E2%80%931918" class="mw-redirect" title="Médaille commémorative de la guerre 1914–1918">Médaille commémorative de la guerre 1914–1918</a></li>
<li><a href="M%C3%A9daille_Coloniale" class="mw-redirect" title="Médaille Coloniale">Médaille Coloniale</a> with "Soudan" bar.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPorch2005136-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPorch2005136_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPorch2005">Porch 2005</a>, p. 136.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPorch2005140-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPorch2005140_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPorch2005">Porch 2005</a>, p. 140.</span>
</li>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div>
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<ul><li>E. Réquin, Archinard et le Soudan, Éditions Berger-Levrault, 1946</li>
<li>Martine Cuttier, Portrait du colonialisme triomphant - Louis Archinard 1850-1932, Éditions Lavauzelle, 2006 - <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>2-7025-1297-6</bdi></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://courses.wcupa.edu/jones/his311/archives/sec/kanya3.htm">A. S. Kanya-Forstner, The Conquest of the Western Sudan</a> (Cambridge University Press, 1969). Chapter VII. The `Total Conquest' of the Sudan, 1888-93.</li>
<li>O'Toole, Thomas E., <i>Historical Dictionary of Guinea</i>, (Metuchen, New Jersey: The Scarecrow Press, 1987) p. 18</li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFPorch2005" class="citation cs2">Porch, Douglas (2005-06-22), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ozkbij-TwSQC&pg=PA136"><i>The Conquest of the Sahara: A History</i></a>, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4299-2209-8</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-17</span></span></cite></li></ul>
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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="French_overseas_empire62" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="French_overseas_empire62" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French overseas empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Former_French_colonies_in_Africa_and_the_Indian_Ocean222" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">Former French colonies</a> in Africa and the Indian Ocean</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="French_North_Africa" title="French North Africa">North Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="French_Algeria" title="French Algeria">Algeria</a></li>
<li><a href="French_protectorate_in_Morocco" title="French protectorate in Morocco">Morocco</a></li>
<li><a href="French_protectorate_of_Tunisia" title="French protectorate of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="French_West_Africa" title="French West Africa">West Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="French_Ivory_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="French Ivory Coast">Côte d'Ivoire</a></li>
<li><a href="French_Dahomey" title="French Dahomey">Dahomey</a></li>
<li><a href="French_Sudan" title="French Sudan">Sudan</a></li>
<li><a href="French_Guinea" title="French Guinea">Guinea</a></li>
<li><a href="Colonial_Mauritania" title="Colonial Mauritania">Mauritania</a>
<ul><li><a href="Arguin" title="Arguin">Arguin Island</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Colony_of_Niger" title="Colony of Niger">Niger</a></li>
<li><a href="French_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="French Senegal">Senegal</a>
<ul><li><a href="Four_Communes" title="Four Communes">Four Communes</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="French_Upper_Volta" title="French Upper Volta">Upper Volta</a></li>
<li><a href="French_Togoland" title="French Togoland">Togoland</a></li>
<li><a href="Kunta_Kinteh_Island" title="Kunta Kinteh Island">James Island</a></li>
<li><a href="Albreda" title="Albreda">Albreda</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="French_Equatorial_Africa" title="French Equatorial Africa">Equatorial Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="French_Chad" title="French Chad">Chad</a></li>
<li><a href="French_Gabon" class="mw-redirect" title="French Gabon">Gabon</a></li>
<li><a href="French_Congo" title="French Congo">Middle Congo</a></li>
<li><a href="Ubangi-Shari" title="Ubangi-Shari">Ubangi-Shari</a></li>
<li><a href="French_Cameroons" class="mw-redirect" title="French Cameroons">Cameroons</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="French_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="French Comoros">Comoros</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Anjouan" title="Anjouan">Anjouan</a></li>
<li><a href="Grande_Comore" title="Grande Comore">Grande Comore</a></li>
<li><a href="Moh%C3%A9li" title="Mohéli">Mohéli</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="French_Somaliland" title="French Somaliland">Somaliland (Djibouti)</a></li>
<li><a href="French_Madagascar" title="French Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li>
<li><a href="Isle_de_France_(Mauritius)" title="Isle de France (Mauritius)">Isle de France</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Former_French_colonies_in_the_Americas274" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">Former French colonies</a> <a href="French_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="French colonization of the Americas">in the Americas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="New_France" title="New France">French North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia</a></li>
<li><a href="Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Louisiana (New France)">Louisiana</a></li>
<li><a href="Canada_(New_France)" title="Canada (New France)">Canada</a></li>
<li><a href="Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Terre Neuve</a></li>
<li><a href="French_Florida" title="French Florida">French Florida</a></li>
<li><a href="French_colonization_of_Texas" title="French colonization of Texas">French Texas</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="French_West_Indies" title="French West Indies">French Caribbean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li>
<li><a href="Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li>
<li><a href="Grenadines" title="Grenadines">The Grenadines</a></li>
<li><a href="Saint-Domingue" title="Saint-Domingue">Saint-Domingue</a>
<ul><li><a href="Ha%C3%AFti" class="mw-redirect" title="Haïti">Haïti</a>, <a href="Era_de_Francia" title="Era de Francia">Dominican Republic</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Saint_Kitts_%26_Nevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Kitts & Nevis">Saint Kitts & Nevis</a></li>
<li><a href="Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li>
<li><a href="Saint_Vincent_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Vincent (island)">Saint Vincent</a></li>
<li><a href="Tobago" title="Tobago">Tobago</a></li>
<li><a href="History_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="History of the British Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Equinoctial_France" title="Equinoctial France">Equinoctial France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Berbice" title="Berbice">Berbice</a></li>
<li><a href="France_Antarctique" title="France Antarctique">France Antarctique</a></li>
<li><a href="Inini" title="Inini">Inini</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><a href="French_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="French colonization of the Americas">French colonization of the Americas</a></li>
<li><a href="French_West_India_Company" title="French West India Company">French West India Company</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Former_French_colonies_in_Asia_and_Oceania270" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">Former French colonies</a> in Asia and Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="French_India" title="French India">French India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Chandannagar" title="Chandannagar">Chandernagor</a></li>
<li><a href="Coromandel_Coast" title="Coromandel Coast">Coromandel Coast</a></li>
<li><a href="History_of_Chennai" title="History of Chennai">Madras</a></li>
<li><a href="Mah%C3%A9%2C_India" title="Mahé, India">Mahé</a></li>
<li><a href="History_of_Puducherry" title="History of Puducherry">Pondichéry</a></li>
<li><a href="Karaikal" title="Karaikal">Karaikal</a></li>
<li><a href="Yanam" title="Yanam">Yanaon</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">Indochinese Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="French_protectorate_of_Cambodia" title="French protectorate of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li>
<li><a href="French_protectorate_of_Laos" title="French protectorate of Laos">Laos</a></li>
<li>Vietnam
<ul><li><a href="French_Cochinchina" title="French Cochinchina">Cochinchina</a></li>
<li><a href="Annam_(French_protectorate)" title="Annam (French protectorate)">Annam</a></li>
<li><a href="Tonkin_(French_protectorate)" title="Tonkin (French protectorate)">Tonkin</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Leased_Territory_of_Guangzhouwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Leased Territory of Guangzhouwan">Kouang-Tchéou-Wan</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon" title="Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon">Mandate for Syria<br>and the Lebanon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="State_of_Syria_(1925%E2%80%931930)" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Syria (1925–1930)">State of Syria</a>
<ul><li><a href="State_of_Aleppo" title="State of Aleppo">Aleppo</a></li>
<li><a href="State_of_Damascus" title="State of Damascus">Damascus</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Alawite_State" title="Alawite State">Alawite State</a></li>
<li><a href="Greater_Lebanon" title="Greater Lebanon">Greater Lebanon</a></li>
<li><a href="Jabal_Druze_State" title="Jabal Druze State">Jabal al-Druze</a></li>
<li><a href="Sanjak_of_Alexandretta" title="Sanjak of Alexandretta">Sanjak of Alexandretta</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="New_Hebrides" title="New Hebrides">New Hebrides</a>
<ul><li><a href="History_of_Vanuatu" title="History of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Nanto-Bordelaise_Company" title="Nanto-Bordelaise Company">Port Louis-Philippe (Akaroa)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><a href="France%E2%80%93Asia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="France–Asia relations">France–Asia relations</a></li>
<li><a href="Louis_XIV's_East_India_Company" title="Louis XIV's East India Company">Louis XIV's East India Company</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Overseas_France298" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Overseas_France" title="Overseas France">Overseas France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Inhabited_territories298" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Inhabited territories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">Overseas<wbr> regions</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li>
<li><a href="Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li>
<li><a href="Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li>
<li><a href="Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li>
<li><a href="R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Overseas_collectivity" title="Overseas collectivity">Overseas<wbr> collectivities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li>
<li><a href="Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li>
<li><a href="Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li>
<li><a href="Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li>
<li><a href="Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Sui_generis" title="Sui generis">Sui generis</a><wbr> collectivity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Uninhabited_territories298" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Uninhabited territories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">North Pacific Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Overseas_territory_(France)" title="Overseas territory (France)">Overseas territory</a><wbr> (<a href="French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern<wbr> and Antarctic Lands</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a></i></li>
<li><a href="Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="French_domains_of_Saint_Helena" title="French domains of Saint Helena">French domains of Saint Helena</a></li>
<li><a href="French_national_domain_in_the_Holy_Land" title="French national domain in the Holy Land">French national domain in the Holy Land</a></li>
<li><a href="Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul">Saint Paul</a> and <a href="%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam">Amsterdam Islands</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Scattered Islands in<wbr> the Indian Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Bassas_da_India" title="Bassas da India">Bassas da India</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li>
<li><a href="Europa_Island" title="Europa Island">Europa Island</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li>
<li><a href="Glorioso_Islands" title="Glorioso Islands">Glorioso Islands</a><sup><small>2, 3</small></sup>
<ul><li><i><a href="Banc_du_Geyser" title="Banc du Geyser">Banc du Geyser</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Juan_de_Nova_Island" title="Juan de Nova Island">Juan de Nova Island</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li>
<li><a href="Tromelin_Island" title="Tromelin Island">Tromelin Island</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Also known as <a href="Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">overseas departments</a></li>
<li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Claimed by the <a href="Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li>
<li><sup><small>3</small></sup> Claimed by <a href="Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li>
<li><sup><small>4</small></sup> Claimed by <a href="Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Archinard%2C%20Louis%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Louis%20Archinard%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Archinard%2C%20Louis%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Louis%20Archinard%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Archinard%2C%20L%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Louis%20Archinard%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Archinard%2C%20Louis%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Louis%20Archinard%22%29%20OR%20%28%221850-1932%22%20AND%20Archinard%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Louis Archinard</a> at the <a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul>
<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379149#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1607" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379149#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1607" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000010888382X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/37030196">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/1670186">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdmkKTcqXRYx9ptp3xJjC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/132651939">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2007019715">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12545365r">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12545365r">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p306219662">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810589905105606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007590142105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/067063489">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6hm6ntk">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/person/7381c04b-3005-4c4e-9eca-c35b27969293">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-02-03" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Louis_Archinard&oldid=1273659252">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
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